Tag: Philosophy

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Ibn al-Haytham and Psychophysics

by Craig Aaen-Stockdale Published on: 4th July 2020

The famous scientist Ibn al-Haytham (‘Alhazen') has rightly been credited with many advances in optics and vision science, but recent spurious claims that he is the ‘founder of psychophysics' rest upon unsupported assertions, a conflation…

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Video: Ibn Khaldun – Greatest Medieval Thinker?

by Media Desk Published on: 11th February 2020

The life story and lessons of a one of a kind person in history, Ibn Khaldun!

Libraries of the Muslim World (859-2000)

by Zakaria Virk Published on: 26th November 2019

The Muslim World acquired the art of paper-making in the eighth century in Persia, ultimately Muslims brought papermaking to India and Europe. Public libraries appeared in Baghdad, Cairo, and Cordoba where books were made of…

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Science in Adab Literature

by Paul Lettinck Published on: 7th September 2018

A long standing topic of discussion among orientalists has been the question whether science in medieval Islamic society was a marginal activity, restricted to small elite circles and not rooted in society, or whether it…

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The Science of Al-Biruni

by Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Published on: 1st August 2018

Al-Biruni was so far ahead of his time that his most brilliant discoveries seemed incomprehensible to most of the scholars of his days...

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From Baghdad to Barcelona: The Anxiety of Influence in the Transmission of the Greek and Arabic Sciences

by Glen M. Cooper Published on: 2nd April 2018

Drawing on Harold Bloom’s model of poetic influence and supersession in his famous book, “The Anxiety of Influence,” and considering several historical cases of cross-cultural reception of the natural sciences from the Middle Ages that…

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1001 Cures: Contributions in Medicine and Healthcare from Muslim Civilisation

by News Desk Published on: 22nd March 2018

1001 Cures: Contributions in Medicine and Healthcare from Muslim Civilisation tells the fascinating story of how generations of physicians from different countries and creeds created a medical tradition admired by friend and foe...

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Early Women of Science, Technology, Medicine and Management

by Salim Al-Hassani Published on: 7th March 2018

This article is a paper submitted to and presented at WISE 2018: World Muslim Women's Summit & Exhibition, organised by TASAM, Istanbul, Turkey, from 28th Feb - 4th March 2018.

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Arabic Medicinal Manuscripts of Pre-Colonial Northern Nigeria: A Descriptive List

by Mukhtar Umar Bunza Published on: 1st January 2018

West African Muslim scholars produced a number of Arabic works relating to medicine, philosophy, economic studies, political thought, geography, architecture, town planning and public administration...

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Dental Care in Islamic Medical Science: Muhammad al-Aqkirmani (d. 1760) and his Risalah fi hukm al-Siwak

by Mykhaylo Yakubovych Published on: 1st January 2018

Most of the oldest Muslim treatises on Siwak remain in a manuscript form. However, similar works on this issue have also appeared in later periods...

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The Impact of Islamic Science and Learning on England

by Salah Zaimeche Published on: 28th June 2017

Nothing contrasts more the discrepancies in learning as the place of books. When Muslim libraries abounded with books, some containing even tens of thousands, and where students, scholars and any curious mind found a place,…

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Ravy (Rayy)

by Salah Zaimeche Published on: 29th March 2017

Rayy was a city in the old Persian region of Media, during the Islamic times in the province of Djibal...

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“Egyptology: The Missing Millennium” of Medieval Arabic Sources

by Okasha El Daly Published on: 20th October 2015

In this paper, I would like to discuss the missing millennium of Medieval Arabic sources in the study of Egyptology. Much of the arguments that I present here are detailed in my book. These include:…

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Ibn Sina’s The Canon of Medicine

by Cem Nizamoglu Published on: 15th April 2015

The Sheikh al-Ra'is Sharaf al-Mulk Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn b. ‘Abd Allah b. al-Hasan b. ‘Ali Ibn Sina, in Latin he is know as Avicenna and his most famous works are those on philosophy and medicine.…

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Manuscript Review: Treatise on ‘The Alive Son of the Awake’, by Ibn Tufayl

by N.A. Baloch Published on: 18th June 2013

Besides [Ibn Tufayl's] contributions in medicine, he is best known for his treatise Ilayyu Ibn Yaqzan (‘The Alive’ son of ‘the Awake’)...

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Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

by The Editorial Team Published on: 26th February 2013

Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Tusi (born in 18 February 1201 in Tus, Khorasan – died on 26 June 1274 in Baghdad), better known as Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, was a Muslim Persian scholar and prolific…

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Reason and Rationality in the Quran

by Ibrahim Kalin Published on: 14th September 2012

In this long and well written article, Dr Ibrahim Kalin, based on his thorough study of the history of philosophy, analyzes the categories of reason and rationality within the Islamic intellectual context as it was…

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Manuscript Review: The Book on the Soul, by Ibn Bajjah

by N.A. Baloch Published on: 7th June 2012

Besides philosophy and mathematics, Ibn Bajjah was well-versed in botany, astronomy, logic, grammar, literature and music.

‘Ali b. Sahl Rabban al-Tabari Author of Firdaws al-hikma (Paradise of Wisdom)

by Salim Ayduz Published on: 2nd January 2012

The physician, scientist and philosopher, ‘Ali b. Sahl Rabban al-Tabari was the son of Sahl Sahl Rabban al-Tabari. ‘Ali was born into an educated and intellectual Christian family. He wrote many books on philosophy, medicine…

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Did Medieval Islamic Theology Subvert Science?

by Arun Bala Published on: 14th July 2011

It is often supposed in Islamic studies that Al-Ghazali demolished the basis for science in the Muslim world by his so-called orthodox attack against rational thinking which nurtured a negative climate that resulted in the…

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Natural Philosophy in the Islamic World

by Peter Adamson Published on: 24th June 2011

In the following short report, we present a summary of the lecture presented by Professor Peter Adamson in the Muslim Heritage Awareness Group (MHAG) meeting organized by FSTC in London on 30 March 2011. In…

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Manuscript Review: The Book of Observations and Admonitions, by Ibn Sina

by N.A. Baloch Published on: 5th June 2011

[Ibn Sina] flourished as a great physician and philosopher, but was also a distinguished scientist, mathematician, logician, and poet at the same time...

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Ibn Khaldun: Studies on His Contribution in Economy

by Muhammad Hozien Published on: 17th October 2010

In the following section, we focus on Ibn Khaldun's contribution to economic thought. We publish contributions by recognized scholars who endeavoured recently to give Ibn Khaldun long overdue credit by placing him properly within the…

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Ibn Khaldun: His Life and Works

by Muhammad Hozien Published on: 15th October 2010

Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun, the well known historian and thinker from Muslim 14th-century North Africa, is considered a forerunner of original theories in social sciences and philosophy of history, as well as the author of…

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Ibn Khaldun’s Thought in Microeconomics: Dynamics of Labor, Demand-supply and Prices

by Cecep Maskanul Hakim Published on: 29th April 2010

In this article on Ibn Khaldun's thought in microeconomics, Cecep Maskanul Hakim analyses several central concepts and theories, from the dynamics of labor to the complex question of demand-supply and prices. Another aspect of the…

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Ibn Khaldun and the Rise and Fall of Empires

by Caroline Stone Published on: 24th April 2010

The 14th-century historiographer and historian Abu Zayd ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun was a brilliant scholar and thinker now viewed as a founder of modern historiography, sociology and economics. Living in one of human kind's most…

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Al-Ghazali’s Theory of Education

by Nabil Nofal Published on: 16th March 2009

Al-Ghazali (1058-1111) was one of the most influential Muslim thinkers. A jurist, logician, theologian, and philosopher, he was honoured in the history of Islam with title of Hujjatul-Islam (the Proof of Islam)." Among his numerous…

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Al-Farabi’s Doctrine of Education: Between Philosophy and Sociological Theory

by Ammar al-Talbi Published on: 14th February 2009

Throughout the ages thinkers have raised the question of what the human being ought to learn in order to be in tune with his own epoch, to live intelligently in society, and to be a…

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The Ethical Theory of Education of Ahmad Miskawayh

by Nadia Jamal al-Din Published on: 31st January 2009

Abu `Ali Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Ya'qub Miskawayh (932-1030) is a brilliant intellectual and philosopher of 10th-century Buwayhid Baghdad. His effect on Islamic philosophy is mainly concerned with ethical issues. His book Tadhib al-akhlaq (Ethical…

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Science and Rationalism in 9th Century Baghdad

by Jim Al-Khalili Published on: 12th November 2008

Text of the Lecture of Professor Jim Al-Khalili in the Conference Muslim Heritage in our World: Social Cohesion marking the 1001 Inventions Exhibition at the House of Parliament, 15th of October 2008, Church House, London,…

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Al-Kindi

by The Editorial Team Published on: 6th May 2007

Ya'qub b. Ishaq al-Kindi was an early Arab scholar of the 9th century, one of the first great scientists that set the stage for the brilliant Islamic tradition of learning. His works in philosophy, cosmology,…

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The Legacy of Muslim Kung Fu Masters

by Mohammed Khamouch Published on: 9th April 2007

An important legacy of Islam in China is represented by Muslim Kung Fu, developed throughout history by Muslim Masters, who merged in their endeavour and training between physical and spiritual perfection. The following short survey…

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Selected Gleanings from the History of Islamic Medicine

by Sharif Kaf al-Ghazal Published on: 3rd April 2007

The medical Islamic tradition is one of the richest and the most lasting components of the general history of medicine. Some of its main aspects are dealt with in a series of five articles by…

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Beauty and Aesthetics in Islam

by Wijdan Ali Published on: 25th January 2007

The Islamic civilisation allowed the development of autonomous norms of beauty that were inspired by the faith of Islam. The Islamic artistic tradition viewed the beauty of the universe, emphasized in the Quran, and the…

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Islamic Science, the Scholar and Ethics

by FSTC Published on: 24th February 2006

The ethics or philosophy of science has in more recent times become an increasingly important subject. This article discusses and compares modern day scientific ethics with the ethics or morality underpinning Islamic Science.

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The Scholars of Aleppo: Al Farabi, Al-Qifti and al-Adim

by Salah Zaimeche Published on: 23rd March 2005

The works of three prominent scholars are highlighted: Al- Farabi who was keenly interested in the relation between logic and language, Al-Qifti's vast scholarship, ranging from lexicography to medicine and finally al-Adim's historical works are…

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Al-Fârâbî as a Source of the History of Philosophy and of Its Definition

by Mubahat Turker-Kuyel Published on: 11th March 2005

The origins of science lie in the study we call philosophy which itself is traced back through traditions of wisdom. Here a look at al Farabi's description of wisdom and the history of philosophy.

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Izz Al-Din ibn Abd Al-Salam

by Adil Salahi Published on: 2nd March 2005

A courageous scholar of Islamic law Izz al-Din wrote several important books. He played an key role in giving firm advice to divided Muslim rulers during a time when the Islamic world was under attack…

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Imam Ahmad ibn Taimiyah

by Adil Salahi Published on: 27th January 2005

Ibn Taimiyah was a man to whom learning about Islam was in no way a mere academic exercise. It brought a thorough understanding of God's faith and a determined attempt to make it supreme in…

Imam Ali ibn Hazm

by Adil Salahi Published on: 21st January 2005

An Andalusian scholar who studied as an independent scholar rejecting blind following of a particular school of jurisprudence. He was taught by several women and argued the some women had been prophets.

Imam Jaafar As-Sadiq

by Adil Salahi Published on: 14th January 2005

One of the foremost scholars of Islam Imam Jaafar as-Sadiq was a teacher of both Abu Haneefah and Malik, the founders of two of the four schools of Islamic Law.

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Muslim Contributions to Philosophy – Ibn Sina, Farabi, Beyruni

by Mehmet Aydin Published on: 14th January 2005

Muslim philosophers were men of science who explored and set the very foundations of knowledge. They had great influence and importance in the history of fundamental ideas.

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Ibn Rushd: Harmony of Theological & Philosophical (Scientific) Truth

by The Editorial Team Published on: 27th April 2004

Ibn Rushd is perhaps the best known Muslim scholar of Cordoba who was instrumental in influencing European theology and epistemology. Here is a facinating glimpse into his role in establishing the role of reasoning in…

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Ibn Hazm’s Philosophy and Thoughts on Science

by Salim Al-Hassani Published on: 11th September 2003

Abu Muhammad ‘Ali Ibn Ahmad Ibn Sa’id Ibn HAZM, (November 994 to August 1064) grew up in the period of final collapse of Umayyad rule in Spain, as the nation disintegrated into often conflicting local…