Galal A. Hassaan

Department of Mechanical Design & Production,
Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University,
Giza, Egypt


AUTHOR'S ARTICLES

Innovation of Mechanical Machinery in Medieval Centuries Part I: Windmills, Water Wheels and Automatic Fountains

by Galal A. Hassaan Published on: 6th August 2026

The fascinating mechanical inventions aimed at the welfare of humankind started with the ancient Egyptians and continued to develop through different eras. In the medieval centuries, the Islamic civilisation paid wonderful attention to mechanical engineering.…

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