Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
by The Editorial Team Published on: 26th February 2013
Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Tusi (born in 18 February 1201 in Tus, Khorasan – died on 26 June 1274 in Baghdad), better known as Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, was a Muslim Persian scholar and prolific…
The Influence of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi on Ottoman Scientific Literature
by Salim Ayduz Published on: 29th June 2011
The works of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi have always attracted the interest of Ottoman scholars as early as the 14th century. Some of his works were translated into Turkish and various annotations or commentaries were written…
New Results In The Research On Some Mathematical Works Of Nasir Al-Din Al-Tusi
by V. F. Medzlumbeyova, A. Babayev Published on: 6th July 2020
The article analyses the mathematical contents of four texts by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-1274), one of the most original and prolific scientists of the classical Islamic tradition. These four texts on mathematics are: Al-Tusi's Tahrir…
An overview of Muslim Astronomers
by Salah Zaimeche Published on: 26th December 2001
Al-Battani discovered the notions of trigonometrical ratios used today. Al-Biruni claimed the earth rotated around its own axis. Jabir Ibn Aflah made the first portable celestial sphere to measure and explain the movements of celestial…
Sine, Cosine and the Measurement of the Earth
by Mahbub Ghani Published on: 2nd February 2007
Mathematics has long been an area of expertise amongst Muslim mathematicians. This article considers the contributions of Al-Tusi and Al-Battani and others in trigonometry, focusing upon the progress their discoveries represented in comparison with the…
The Fate of Islamic Astronomy in Persia between the Eleventh and Sixteenth Centuries
by Mohamad Abdalla AM Published on: 6th April 2025
This chapter is organised in the following manner. Section one gives a brief overview about important periods in the history of Islamic Astronomy. This is done in order to highlight the significance of choosing to…
Study suggests Copernicus was influenced by an ancient Muslim astronomer in developing his cosmological system
by Leon Barkho Published on: 1st May 2025
Did Copernicus borrow his cosmological theory from an earlier Muslim scientist? New research reveals that the cosmological model developed by Nicolaus Copernicus, the renowned European Renaissance polymath, closely resembles one designed by an Arab astronomer…
Natural Sciences in the Islamic Context
by Glen M. Cooper Published on: 11th August 2025
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the history of Islamic science as well as current issues and future trends in the discipline. Significant references to modern scholarship on Islamic science and medicine, including the…
Astronomy – Contributions of Islamic Scholars to the Scientific Enterprise
by Yasmeen Mahnaz Faruqi Published on: 24th September 2025
Long before the telescope, scholars from Muslim Civilisation were mapping the skies with incredible precision. Building on ancient works like Ptolemy’s Almagest, they translated, tested, and corrected ancient theories through their own detailed observations. Al-Khwarizmi…
Book Review: “Debt – The First 5,000 Years” by David Graeber
by Trevor Hilder Published on: 8th August 2012
Economics textbooks claim that money was invented to replace onerous and complicated barter systems—to relieve ancient people from having to haul their goods to market. But this theory is not supported by evidence. On the…
Scientific Life during the Period of the Anatolian Seljuks
by Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu Published on: 29th December 2006
Besides the madrasas, hospitals and social assistance institutions established in Anatolia during the Anatolian Seljuk period and that of their successors the Municipalities, scholarly-scientific and cultural activities were encouraged and received the patronage of the…
The Ottoman Mosque Fallacy: Places of Worship Facing the Kaaba or “Monuments of Jihad”?
by David A King Published on: 14th May 2021
A. J. Deus has got it all hopelessly wrong: A critique of A. J. Deus, “Monuments of Jihad – The thought process of determining qibla orientations by Turks”, and “Raw Analysis Turkish Mosque Orientations ‘Monuments…
Taqi al-Din ibn Ma‘ruf and the Science of Optics: The Nature of Light and the Mechanism of Vision
by Hüseyin Gazi Topdemir Published on: 15th July 2008
In this article, some aspects of Kitab Nūr hadaqat al-ibsār wa-nūr haqīqat al-anzār (Book of the Light of the Pupil of Vision and the Light of the Truth of the Sights) of the renowned Ottoman…
Taqi al-Din ibn Ma‘ruf and the Science of Optics: The Nature of Light and the Mechanism of Vision by Hüseyin Gazi Topdemir
by Hüseyin Gazi Topdemir Published on: 15th July 2008
In this article, some aspects of Kitab Nūr hadaqat al-ibsār wa-nūr haqīqat al-anzār (Book of the Light of the Pupil of Vision and the Light of the Truth of the Sights) of the renowned Ottoman…
Ibn al-Zarqalluh’s discovery of the annual equation of the Moon
by S. Mohammad Mozaffari Published on: 9th February 2024
Ibn al-Zarqālluh (al-Andalus, d. 1100) introduced a new inequality in the longitudinal motion of the Moon into Ptolemy’s lunar model with the amplitude of 24′, which periodically changes in terms of a sine function with…
Al-Hassâr’s Kitâb al-Bayân and the Transmission of the Hindu-Arabic Numerals
by Paul Kunitzsch Published on: 4th June 2007
This article was a talk given at the 7th Maghrebi Colloque of the History of Arabic Mathematics held from 30 May to 1 June 2002 in Marrakech, Morocco. It presents a new manuscript of the…
A Bibliography of the Islamic and Chinese Scientific Relationships in Classical Times
by FSTC Published on: 8th September 2008
In the following bibliography of the Islamic and Chinese scientific relationships in classical times, a list of the main recent works is produced. The researches cover various scientific domains, from mathematics and astronomy to technology,…
Ibn Yunus and The Pendulum: A History of Errors
by David A King Published on: 29th April 2015
In this article, Professor David A. King explores the authenticity of the statement that tenth-century Egyptian astronomer Ibn Yūnus was the first person to use a pendulum to measure time. After examining evidence originating from…
The renaissance of astronomy in Baghdad in the 9th and 10th centuries
by David A King Published on: 19th February 2015
[Note of the editor] This article was published in 2003 as: David A. King, "The renaissance of astronomy in Baghdad in the ninth and tenth centuries: A list of publications, mainly from the last 50…
‘Umar al-Khayyam (Omar Khayyam)
by The Editorial Team Published on: 24th March 2013
‘Umar al-Khayyam (better known as Omar Khayyam, 1048-1123 CE), was a polymath scholar from Nishapur, Persia. Mathematician, philosopher, astronomer and poet, he also wrote treatises in Arabic on mechanics, geography, music and physics. Because of…